Essay on Zero Tolerance in Schools - 987 Words

Contemporary Issue Paper Zero tolerance has become the latest contemporary educational issue for the Christian school leader. Zero tolerance policies mandate predetermined consequences for specific offenses. According to a government study, more than three quarters of all U.S. schools reported having zero tolerance policies (Holloway, 2002). Systematic guidelines of enforcing zero tolerance require educational leaders to impose a predetermined punishment, regardless of individual culpability or extenuating circumstances (Gorman Pauken, 2003). Ethical decision making and the opportunity to apply Biblical principles have taken a back seat to reactive discipline by school leaders. Societal expectations have forced proactive educational†¦show more content†¦School violence has become of the most pressing educational problems in the United States. Gang violence and high profile shootings across the nation cause concern within schools. Communities struggle to understand why these events take place a nd how they can be prevented. The overwhelming response to solve the issue of violence in schools is the increasing societal pressure to execute zero tolerance. Zero tolerance is driven by the educational philosophy, policies, and practices of school communities. Stakeholders expect schools to be a safe place for staff and for students. Stakeholders assume that a positive classroom environment, safe students, and school enjoyment are conditions necessary to create a positive climate where learning takes place. This assumption can be backed with research. A calm classroom environment, teachers’ management of disruptive behavior, and students’ view of school safety are factors that have been found to directly correlate with student achievement in the classroom (Ma Willms, 2004). Safety and a feeling of not being threatened during school hours have been found to be important to students’ achievement. Failure to remove a disruptive or an unruly student from school has been found to have a negative impact on achievement and creates a great risk to school staff and students (Garbarino et al., 1992). Teachers cannot teach and students cannot learn in anShow MoreRelatedZero Tolerance In Schools1295 Words   |  6 Pagesrealize what children in the middle and high school level go through on a daily basis while in school. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 2016 more than one out of every five students report being bullied at school. An intimidating physical threat at times involving aggression towards another, actions including hitting, pushing, punching, threatening, and teasing – bullying. One way to reduce bullying would be zero tolerance. This is a policy of not allowing any violationsRead MoreThe Zero Tolerance School Policies856 Words   |  4 Pagescontributed so much on the topic â€Å"zero tolerance school policies†. There are some important key concepts from the course that connect with my project that I will be discussing. I will also be talking about what it takes to be an ally and why we chose our ally. Considering a critical social theory lens is very important as well and I will be discussing this too. I learned so much from working on this project. To begin, I learned the history behind why zero tolerance school policies exist. These strictRead MoreZero Tolerance And Its Effects On School Safety Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesZERO TOLERANCE There are hundreds if not thousands of students in any given school. The sheer size and magnitude of the student population encompassed in these schools leads to complications of school safety. Zero tolerance is a policy which was brought about enforcing school safety more firmly, and aimed to better protect students. However, the way in which these students are protected is highly debatable, making the zero tolerance ideology very controversial. Exactly which approach is most effectiveRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 Pagesthat funnels millions of students from school into the juvenile justice system (Robinson, 2013). This dilemma, known as the school-to-prison pipeline is garnering much attention in Virginia due to the states continued issues in overcoming the phenomenon. This study explores zero tolerance policies and school discipline to better understand its effect in to bring awareness to an issue that may help in dismantling this pipeline. Particularly looking at those school divisions within Virginia that haveRead MoreZero Tolerance And Its Contribution On The School And Prison Pipeline1446 Words   |  6 PagesZero Tolerance and its Contribution to the School-to-Prison Pipeline A trend has developed in our society in recent decades. This concerning trend shows that African American youth are finding their way into the criminal justice system at a much higher rate than their peers. This trend starts in schools where students as young as fifth graders are being suspended from school for minor issues. Police officers are being used more and more to handle situations in the schools rather than teachers. DoesRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies in American Schools Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesIn all grades of education, from kindergarten to college, there is a form of discipline known as a zero tolerance policy. While the exact wording is different from school to school, basically a zero tolerance policy means that a student is immediately suspended, asked to attend an alternative school, or expelled if they are suspected or caught doing certain things. These policies are in place to hopefully deter students from doing drugs or being violent, but the ethics behind them are questionableRead MoreUse and Application of the Zero Tolerance Policy in American Schools1773 Words   |  8 Pages In an effort to maintain peace, safety and a disciplined environment conducive to effective teaching and learning, many schools have adopted the zero tolerance policy. This philosophy was originally created in the 1990’s as an approach towards drug enforcement to address the rampant use, possession and sales of drugs in schools (Jones, 2013). Today, this policy is used to mandate the application of pre-determined consequences of violation of stated rules. These rules may pertain to a number of issues;Read MoreSchools Should Eliminate the Use of Zero-Tolerance Policies Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages The public schools of the United States, despite their proud past, are currently experiencing many difficulties. They seem to be under constant scrutiny and pressure to produce higher academic achievement and at the same time are being criticized by large segments of society. It is no secret that the environment which students experience in the public schools has changed greatly over the past twenty to thirty years, but there are many possible reasons for this; most of these explanations do notRead MoreZero Tolerance Unfairly Targets Minority Middle School Students1243 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Statement The problem for which resolution would be sought is that zero tolerance unfairly targets minority middle school students. Because of this policy, minority students have shown the tendency to be academically unsuccessful and are more prone to engage in misbehaviors that could lead to suspension or expulsion from school. It is for the sake of all of the children in American school districts that administrators, educators, and parents work together in order to determine the exact causeRead MoreCriminalization at School: Zero-Tolerance Discipline Policies Might Be Damaging to Students1309 Words   |  6 Pagesindefinite suspension with a recommendation for expulsion because his school administrators believed he flashed a gang sign although he was simply putting up three fingers to represent his football jersey number. (NPR Isensee, 2014). This kind of criminalization of young people contributes to suspension, dropout, and incarceration, and too often pushes students into what is refer red to by many education scholars and activists as the â€Å"school-to-prison pipeline,† a term that refers to â€Å"the policies and practices

Misogyny in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things...

Misogyny, the hatred or dislike of females, is a recurrent theme in World Literature. Women’s suffrage was at its prime between 1840 and 1920. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, two stories based in Africa, show different points of misogyny, the first being from the time of women’s suffrage, and the latter being after the women’s suffrage movement. The value, view, and role of women was undermined greatly in these two novels. Heart of Darkness was published in 1902, deep in with time of the women’s suffrage movement. The author, Joseph Conrad, wrote this novella with a tone that is accepting of sexism. There is no respect for women in Heart of Darkness. Unlike Heart of Darkness, Things Fall Apart†¦show more content†¦Although woman may be traded and objectified, but this proves that they are actually worth something to the men. â€Å"Okonkwo was very lucky in his daughter. He never stopped regretting that Ezinma was a girl. Of all his children she alone understood every mood. A bond of sympathy had grown between them as the years had passed,† (Achebe 1097) Okonkwo might have wished Ezinma were a boy, but he loved his daughter and the connection they shared. Being a boy, Ezinma and Okonkwo would be able to spend more time together and really bond. Things Fall Apart demonstrates a better image for women and the power they have in society. â€Å"The priestess in those days was a woman called Chika. She was full of the power of her god, and she was greatly feared.† (Achebe 1029) A woman holding such a high position, to the point where she was feared, shows that women have the ability to hold power in Things Fall Apart. â€Å"Your mother is there to protect you†¦ And that is why we say that mother is supreme.† (Achebe 1082) Despite the overall negative view on women, this quote shows that when things go downhill, the mother is the one who will help you and protect you. This is one of the few instances where women have power over men in Things Fall Apart.

analyze The machine poem - 1046 Words

English Composition 2 Essay 1 – Analyze the favorite Poem Due date 10/19/2013 (Final) The secret of the machines (by Rudyard Kipling) Each person has a different worldview. Technology can bring many benefits and convenience to our life. However, these conveniences are not unlimited. In other hand, it makes us become dependent. There is nothing better than our own. Many authors have shown that vision through poetry and writing. And the poem â€Å"The secret of the machines† by Rudyard Kipling is not out of that topic. First, this poem â€Å"The secret of the Machines† were wrote by Rudyard Kipling quite long poem. He opted for a many poetic stanza long to describe the images as well as his feelings. The poem divides eight stanzas.†¦show more content†¦They could help us replace human landscape as â€Å"make the mountains bare their head†, or â€Å"turn a river in its bed† or â€Å"To work the mills and tramways in your town, And irrigate your orchards as it flows?† It is easy! Give us dynamite and drills! Watch the iron-shoul dered rocks lie down and quake, As the thirsty desert-level floods and fills, And the valley we have dammed becomes a lake.† People use machines to dry the lake, or even flood the valley to their specific needs. But the machine is still a machine. The poet used the words But remember, please at the top of the seventh stanza makes the reader startled moment while still watching the line up of the machine’s use in the stanzas on. Machines can only be set up and position it in the process. Machines operated by the process. Machinery is insensitive things without emotion. And they will be dangerous if â€Å"If you make a slip in handling us you die†. Not only that, I was really impressed with verses â€Å"We are greater than the Peoples or the Kings- We are everything on earth--except The Gods!†. Until to this stanza, the author means to convey through the poem is clear. He affirmed that the human is a miracle of life â€Å"We are nothing more than children of your brain!†. In other hands the machines help us a lot in life’s activities. It solves a lot of problems that someti mes we can’tShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem At Fourteen 844 Words   |  4 Pagesbase on theory and worthy of being treated in a particular way of greater consideration. The poem of â€Å"At Sixteen† suggests raging hormones, girls, and everyday life leads to consistent struggle for teens because at sixteen you don’t think as an adult; their minds are immature. The literary elements of this poem such as tone, character type, symbol, mode of criticisms are the key to understanding the poem and a necessary feature of verbal telling storytelling that can be found in a written fictionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem At Fourteen 866 Words   |  4 Pagesand worthy of being treated in a particular way of greater consideration. The poem of â€Å"At Sixteen† suggests raging hormones, girls, and everyday life leads to a consistent struggle for teens because sixteen years old don’t think critically like an adult; for example their minds are immature. T he literary elements of this poem such as tone, character type, symbol, mode of criticisms are the key to understanding the poem and a necessary feature of storytelling that can be found in a written fictionRead MoreEssay The Role of Religion in Thomas Hardys Poem Channel Firing534 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Religion in Thomas Hardys Poem Channel Firing Channel Firing by Thomas Hardy is a poem about the atrocities of war. Published shortly before the beginning of World War I, the poem seems almost prophetic. It not only decries the barbaric nature of war--an institution so vile and obnoxious that in this poem it awakens the dead--but also questions our inability to break our addiction to that institution. Less clear, however, is the answer to a question Hardy seems to be posing: isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Eve Of Her Daughters And Porphyria s Lover Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe two poems I have chosen to analyze are Judith Wright’s â€Å"Eve to Her Daughters† (992) and Robert Browning’s â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† (642) and what they have in relation to one another. I will be examining the dramatic monologue form that takes place in both poems and how it could present the image and possibility for coercion. I will discuss how, with the utilization of dramatic monologue, we as the audienc e, experience the speaker’s world with a glimpse into their personal perspectives alongside withRead MoreSyntax and Morphological Analysis of the Poem1519 Words   |  7 PagesSyntax and Morphological Analysis of the Poem â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow† by William Carlos Williams Accordingly, the rhetoric idea learnt in writing poetry is found in the work of Williams. Analysts found that the author believes that localism aline may lead to culture. Ideally, the factor of imagism is well designed in The Red Wheelbarrow, giving credit to the poem under discussion. In this paper, the author will analyze various features of this poem, giving phonological, lexical, syntactic, and sematicRead MoreOut, Out by Robert Frost782 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Frosts poem â€Å"Out, Out,† paints a strange and bizarre death image to readers; A young boys death due to a carnivorous chainsaw who sought blood, slicing the boys hand off. Robert makes readers understand why he would paint such a tragic accident with various narrative elements, such as personification, many signs of imagery, emotions, and perceptions throughout the story. Also, Frost references William Shakespeare’s work, â€Å"Macbeth.† This gives readers who have read Macbeth before, an ide aRead MoreLiterature As A Child Of The Colonial Times1265 Words   |  6 Pagescolonial time period effected the literature of the time because many literature works came after Colonial and Puritan events and also reflected those times. Edward Taylor s poem Huswifery give us a light on the average colonial life, Anne Bradstreet s puritan views effect the way she reacts toward the burning of her house in her poem, and the time period was so influential that Arthur Miller wrote a novel many years later about a significant event in the time. The Salem Witch trials and Puritan lifestylesRead MoreI Have Learned About My Writing879 Words   |  4 Pagesget to the point and then analyze. I learned that a beneficial writing strategy can be overviewing the topic briefly, stating the argument, and then using supporting details like quotes and examples that back up the original argument. In high school, I took the International Baccalaureate level of English that my school offered a selected amount of students from beginning of my junior year to the end of my senior year. In those two years we focused really on analyzing poems, Shakespearian plays, andRead MoreDover Beach Poem Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading Matthew Arnold’s poem, â€Å"Dover Beach†, I was greeted with a fleeting sense of tranquility and a lingering emotion of melancholy. Found in his carefully crafted words, Arnold gives an accurate representation of the beliefs held during the era of Realism by using descriptive imagery. His use of imagery is the primary aspect of the work that most interested me. For instance, in the first stanza, the narrator gives the reader the setting of â€Å"Dover Beach†. He states, â€Å"Upon the straits; onRead MoreThe Road Not Taken1448 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions. It does not matter if the decisions are right or wrong. That in i tself is not important because right and wrong is entirely subjective. The only important motion in play is that a decision has been made. Robert Frost captivates with his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† Frost, in few words, brings to light the decisions that all functioning humans will be faced with. When Frost says, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,† (1) these roads clearly represent two different decisions to be made. Does

Tata Motor Ltd

Question: Critically discuss the benefits and problems of launching a range of new products within an international company of Tata Motor Ltd . Critically evaluate the impact that new product development has on the long-term success of these new products of Tata Motor Ltd . Answer: Introduction This paper described the various aspect of Tata Motor Ltd (TML) as international company that manufactured Tata Nano. Tata Nano is the car which produced by Tata Motors Company. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the Tata Nano utility in the current market. This paper covers the innovation global business study, corporate strategy for Tata Nano, launching process of Tata Nano and advantages of new product car. Indeed, Tata Motor is an Indian automotive sector multinational company. Tata Motor headquarter is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Its products include passenger cars, buses, vans, trucks, coaches and military vehicles. Tata Motor is the world 17th largest motor vehicle, fourth largest truck and second largest bus manufacturer organization by volume. Tata Motor has manufacturing plants in Dharwad, Jamshedpur, Pune, Lucknow and Patnagar as well as in United Kingdom, South Africa, Argentina and Thailand. (Career Launcher India Ltd, 2009) Further, the Tata Nano was la unched with US$ 1600 price that would increase with time. Tata Nano targets to provide Indias middle classes people from two-wheelers. It got high publicity when it was launched in the market. (Aaker, McLoughlin, 2009) Innovative international business study: Innovation is new idea or opinion about international business. Innovation is the key for every market in the world. Innovation required building new thought and process that implemented to positive change. Innovation thought has been transformed into reality. In the concern of business, it is a process and business concept that activated in the marketplace and produce development for the company. However, innovation is different from invention. Because of innovation means use of a better while invention means directly related to creation of the method or idea. In the regard of Tata Motors, it produces Tata Nano car for their middle classes people of India that is known as innovation international business. Mr. Ratan Tata aim to provide four-wheeler to every Indian family instead of two-wheeler. So, they produced Tata Nano product for the Indian middle class family. (Cavusgil, 2009) Analyze Tata Motor corporate strategy: Corporate strategy is direction of firm that creates value the coordination and configuration of its multinational market. Here, value creation means the generation of higher financial activity from multi-market activities. Corporation is the activity of the management that lie with corporate power structure. Configuration relates to multi-market scope of the corporate such as product diversification and geographic focus. In the other words, Corporate strategy provides clear way for all kinds of business units working in agreement to meet shareholder requirement while provides value to their staffs and customers. It is direction for company to takes purpose to achieve business success in the long term. These are the corporate strategies of the TML that are described below: Tata Motor constructed scored card approach. (Grant, 2010) TML has 5 member corporate team that deal with several functions. The functional expertise came from SBUs. Tata Motor began central resourcing by e-sourcing to reduce the inventory values. Tata Motor created communized types of parts. The performance evaluated on the basis of these performance such as process quality, product quality and safety and cost measures. SBU high authority people given autonomy design to approach corporate strategy objectives and goals. (Grant, 2010) Above corporate strategy is helpful to generate new idea so they created Tata Nano car for middle class family of India. Corporate strategy made by Board of member and Ratan Tata is the part of them. So, Tata Nano car idea came from Ratan Tata mind. He wanted to provides cheapest city car for Indian. Analyze the launch process of Tata Nano: We would analyze the launch process of Tata Nano. The main reason behind to launched Tata Nano is to that when I observed family driving on two-wheelers in India. I saw that father is driving the two-wheeler and his wife is standing behind the him with child. So, it was too dangerous in the night travel and stormy weather so I decided to launch a cheapest car for Indian middle class family to provide safer drive with family. This ideal let me wonder when I could conceive of a affordable and safe transport for such a family. Tata Motor designer and engineers gave their all efforts to fulfill their dream. Tata Nano launched by Tata Motor at 9th annual Auto Expo on January 2008 at Pragati Maidan in the New Delhi, India. It is affordable as well as safety and emission norms perspective. So, Tata Motor management team is happy to launched city car to Indian people. We think its bring pride, utility and joy of owing a car to several family who requi re personal mobility. Further, Mr. Girish Wagh negotiates with customer and said you have three-wheeler then why you wanted to buy four-wheeler. Then, he replied that if I have four-wheeler. Then, I would get better marriage prospect in my village. So, Tata Motor launched Tata Nano car. The main objective of launching process of Tata Nano is to launch worlds cheapest car that is inspired by the number of Indian families with two-wheeler instead of four-wheeler transport. (Aaker, McLoughlin, 2009) Moreover, the Tata Nano is first rear engine car in India. It has 623cc engine and 21.97km/liter fuel efficiency in city and 25.5km/liter on highway road. Maximum speed of this car is 105 km/liters and trunk capacity is 15 liters. It is first car with 2 cylinder petrol engine. Tata Nano manufactured at Sanand, Gujarat. After tested in Tortune Tracks, Tata Nano launched in the market with cheapest or affordable cost. Advantages of launching a range of Tata Nano: Tata Nano car is world cheapest car that is launched in India in 2008 at Pratati Maidan. It is much popularized product of Tata Motor. It is good as well as international business perspective. These are the main advantages of Tata Nano car that is described below: Tata Motor Mumbai branch announced the advantages of the Tata Nano that it sales will be increased due to launch of new Tata Nano car in the India market that affects international business of Tata Motor. (Williamson et al, 2013) Tata Nano car will provide four year or 60000 km (whatever is earlier) warranty without any extra costs. This warranty will be expended if you bought car too late from launching period. (Williamson et al, 2013) In addition, all buyer of this car have option to maintenance contract only Rs 99 per month. In the August 2010, Tata Nano management announced that they enhanced features in cars electrical and exhausts systems that are the advantages of launching process of Tata Nano in the international business perspective because most of international automotive sector companies also increase their features. So, it is essential for Tata Nano to increase their feature to make stable in the worldwide competitive market. In the August 2010, Tata Motor has stated to open sales of the Tata Nano and it is easily available in 12 states. Tata Motor will assure the entire nations with open sales in March 2011 to provide advantages those have dream of owning the car. Further, customer satisfaction indicates that 80 percent of the people are satisfied and more satisfied with Tata Nano due to durability, safety, mileage and maneuverability. (Williamson et al, 2013) Benefit of the Tata Nano provides Safety or security for its user: The benefit of the Tata Nano car as a product of Tata Motor could provide security in the global business. This car was affordable for anyone and comfortable with Indian roads. The benefit of the Tata Nano is described below: Interior space: Its interior space is too comfortable as compare to other car which costs are closest to Tata Nano. Those people have six feet height they can sit in this car. It is possible only because their engine in the bonnet. Nano height is more than of Hyundai Santro. Therefore, there is a lot of headroom that makes it too comfortable in the interior space side. Fuel Economy: Tata Nano mileage is 18-20 km/liter in city and 23-25 in highway road that better as compare to other vehicles. ARAI certified its mileage of 25 km/liter and it has low carbon footprint around 92.7g/km in the India. Safety: Safety is the main benefit of Tata Nano car. Nano is tested in UK at the MIRA. It is safer as compare to other vehicle. It does not have airbags. Air conditioning: It is low cost care it does not mean that it has low quality AC. AC rarely affects the performance of the Tata Nano car. It raise the competitive market in the perspective of AC. Drivability on rough terrain: It is drivable in the rough road so it is good for Indian market because most of rural area road condition is not good. So, it can drive in the all zone of nation. It gave more competition in the four-wheeler sector in the worldwide. Parking solution in city: Tata Nano covers low space in the parking so it is good care in the current situation of city. It provides solution of parking. Due to solution of parking space it would more demanding in the worldwide market. It could more popular in the abroad market. Power head lights: It has powerful head lights that became more attractive in the competitive market of the world. Speed and acceleration: Speed is the main benefit of the Nano car. Nano highest speed is around 151 km/hour. It is too attractive in the current competitive market. Tata Nano impact on the organization structure, risk management and corporate culture: Tata Nano is worldwide famous car so its affect organization structure direct or indirectly. Tata Nano increased the sales of Tata Motor. It improves the structure of the Tata Motor through its brand image in the current market. Further, Tata Nano car control the risk of the Tata Motor because its car is cheapest in the worldwide so people will like to buy it so there will be no risk as well as over production perspective. If company will produce high units and there sale will be less then it reduce the profit margin and sale volume of the Tata Motor. Indeed, risk management is the process of identification and acceptance or mitigation in the investment. It is two types of process that determine what risk exist in the investment and then handling specific risk in way. In the other word, it is happen anytime for fund manager or investor perspective and attempts to quantify the potential losses in th e investment. After, they took appropriate action according their objectives and goals. (Rejda, 2011) Further, Tata Nano car has easy durability and cheap as well as other competitive so it could be maintain the corporate culture of the Tata Motor. Corporate culture indicates the organization behavior that how react the organization. (Davis, 2003) Tata Motor (Nano) growth strategy in 2015: Tata Nano is the cheapest care in the world. Due to its easy durability, low costs and attractiveness it became more popular brand in the India. Tata Nano was top 10 selling cars of the 2015. It is showing success story of 2015. Within the 11 months ended, it sales raise around 18 percent to 74545 units from past years. Indeed, Maruti, Alto, Hyundai and Alto are the top selling models of petrol care are declining in the last 11 month. Further, customer bought 1.87 million cars as compare to 1.78 million in 2011. (Raj, 2012) Tata Motor saw good growth in passenger car in month of February 2015. In the care segment, the growth of company was 31 percent while in MHCV segment. The commercial and passenger sales in February 2015 were around 11 percent with 44225 vehicles. (Sharma, 2015) Domestic sales of commercial and passenger vehicles were 40314 units that were 14 percent higher as compare to February 2014. Further, in the financial year, Tata Motor sold 119041 units lower as compare to last year. In the export perspective, it shipped 3911 units in Feb 2015 as compare to 4636 units. So, registering was fall down. References Aaker, D., A., McLoughlin, D., (2009). Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives. USA: John Wiley Sons. Career Launcher India Ltd, (2009). India Business Yearbook 2009. India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd. Cavusgil, S., T., (2009). Michigan State University Contributions to International Business and Innovation. UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Chandra, N. K. (2008). Tata Motors in singur: a step towards industrialisation or pauperisation?. Economic and Political Weekly, 36-51. Davis, M., J., (2003). Corporate Culture as the Driver of Transit Leadership Practices. USA: Transportation Research Board. Grant, R., M., (2010). Contemporary Strategy Analysis and Cases: Text and Cases. USA: John Wiley Sons. Plunkett, J., W., (2008). Plunkett's Engineering Research Industry Almanac 2008. USA: Plunkett Research, Ltd. Rainer, R., K., Cegielski, C., G., (2010). Introduction to Information Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business. USA: John Wiley Sons. Raj, A., (2012). Tata Nano among top 10 best-selling cars of 2012. Retrieved from: https://www.livemint.com/Industry/7wiCSVXN8qpnum1CJLONeJ/Tata-Nano-among-top-10-bestselling-cars-of-2012.html Raynor, M., E., (2007). What Is Corporate Strategy, Really? Retrieved from: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/what-is-corporate-strategy-really/ Ray, S., Das, S. (2009). Corporate Reporting Framework (CRF): Benchmarking Tata Motors against AB Volvo and Exploring Future Challenges. Decision (0304-0941), 36(1). Rejda, R., G., (2011). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. USA: Pearson Education India. Sharma, S., (2015). Tata Motor Retails 13767 Units In February 2015; Growth Of 22 Percent. Retrieved from: https://www.cardekho.com/india-car-news/tata-motors-retails-13767-units-in-february-2015-growth-of-22-per-cent-15366.htm Srivastava, A., K., Negi, G., Mishra, V., Pandey, S., (2012). Corporate social responsibility: A case study of TATA group. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(5), 17-27. Williamson, P., J., Ramamurti, R., Fleury, A., Fleury, M., (2013). The Competitive Advantage of Emerging Market Multinationals. USA: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, L., McCutcheon, D., (2003). Industrial Safety and Risk Management. USA: University of Alberta.